Once read leaflets often aren't needed any more (and will most likely be discarded). Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Some trusts commission leaflets from external, profit making companies; others write their own. In: Mai I, editor. org. A poor promotional strategy for a small local gardening business might involve advertising on national TV combined with sponsorship of a local gardening competition. McIsaac et al. In the end, there is not just one way to approach the issue of unintended effects of health promotionboth conceptually and methodologicallybut rather several ways. Basic components of social cognitive theory. Health promotion interventions are meant to promote the health of individuals, communities, organisations etc., to empower, to build capacities, to be sustainable, so simply put: to help and do good. radionz. Standard 2 - Patient assessment. 1450 Words. Good Essays. aspx )if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',105,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-105{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Design and setting An observational study of randomly selected GP practices (n = 17) across Stoke-on-Trent. To ensure we keep to the agreed budget, we need your help. Media campaigns as a form of health promotion required access to resources which not all individuals have and are not cost effective. Despite the rhetoric, we are a long way away from truly informed decision making for all. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Participation is generally viewed as patients playing a more active role in their health care, including sharing information on their healthcare priorities and taking part in decision making about their care.1,2 This is encompassed in a recent Department of Health publication by the phrase no decision about me without me.3 Patient information leaflets (PILs) are widely used as sources of information. 27792. Copyright 2023 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, Patient information leaflets: a stupid system, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust: Consultant Psychiatrist General Adult - Northcroft CMHT, Brent Area Medical Centre: Salaried GP - Brent Area Medical Centre, Onebright Ltd: Consultant Psychiatrist (Neurodiversity) - Remote / London, The Royal Hospital for Neurodisability: Clinical Fellow, Womens, childrens & adolescents health. Ia percuma untuk mendaftar dan bida pada pekerjaan. Although the subject content of the PILs collected encompassed all the categories in the Rudd health material classification framework (health promotion, health protection, disease prevention, health care and management, and systems navigation), they were not evenly distributed.19 It is interesting to note in the current climate of scarce health resources that a large proportion of PILs (48%) were concerned with systems navigation, wherein readers were given information regarding relevant services, such as which service to access when unwell (Access needed services). It is possible that this is a conservative estimate as the 2011 Skills for Life Survey included only people of working age, and published evidence suggests that literacy and health literacy decline with age.23 It is also worth noting that only 24% of the PILs were written at the level recommended for writing health materials.15,18. Society has changed its views on smoking in recent decades. To give some examples, I have found: unintended effects (Mittlemark, 2014), non-health outcomes and spill-over effects (Goebbels et al., 2012), adverse effects (Krlner et al., 2012), spin-off effects (Agarwal and Brydges, 2018) and my colleagues and I have previously written about side effects (Gugglberger et al., 2017). Plus, they have a longer shelf-life than a radio advertisement, which may be forgotten by the listener soon after hearing. Disadvantages So far we've discussed only the advantages of pamphleting. bpac. GP practices across Stoke-on-Trent were selected using a random number generator to reach a minimum of a one-quarter of available practices, with a total of 17 practices (out of a possible 60) visited by the research team. Therefore, while the definition of unintended effects is rather simpleany effect of a health promotion intervention that was not planned and intendedthey are difficult to anticipate, identify, and observe within the field of health promotion. It is likely that several researchers and practitioners have observed unintended effects of their health promotion interventions, but few emphasize on them in a publication. Current PILs in the waiting rooms of general practices are not likely to be promoting the health literacy of a significant proportion of patients. And so the NHS is awash with patient information, especially leaflets, in hospital wards, outpatient clinics, and general practitioners surgeries. Processes and policies are required to improve standards of readability and variety of content of PILs in GP practices, such as a regular review of the reading level and variety of content as a minimum standard; this may be an ideal task to share with practice patient participation groups. Similarly, leaflets gave conflicting advice about when to resume driving, sex, and sport. Content of PILs is likely to be context-specific; for example, information on urological procedures would be appropriate in the urology outpatient department. There are obvious limitations with this: a well-understood word may have multiple syllables, such as television, whereas a less well-known medical term may have fewer, such as stoma. A specific mode of communication is more useful in a specific setting on a specific group than others. Therefore, we can see that we need to tackle this challenge at a community and setting based as well as a structural approach. Critical analysis of health promotion leaflet This essay aims to critically appraise a health promotion leaflet (Appendix 1), which at present is incorporated in a health promotion campaign from the NHS. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The Flesch Reading Ease test rates text on a 100-point scale. Writing wrongs? The NHS's multifarious patient information leaflets are inaccurate, inconsistent, and confusing, finds Margaret McCartney, and effort is duplicated because each trust commissions its own, often from the private sector The so called patient revolution is nothing without quality information. Before Jobe describes unintended consequences of humanitarian volunteerism in post-earthquake Haiti, where new structures, such as free water and food distribution, had huge economic implications and random and uncoordinated donations of medical supplies overwhelmed local resources (Jobe, 2011). Lived Experiences of Recipients of Aid that Targets Vulnerable Children in Makete, Tanzania, First do no harm: making oral rehydration solution safer in a cholera epidemic, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Healthy settings: challenges to generating evidence of effectiveness, The side effects of school health promotion practice in Austria, Exploring non-health outcomes of health promotion: the perspective of participants in a lifestyle behaviour change intervention, Theorising interventions as events in systems, Awareness of risk of osteoporosis may cause uncertainty and worry in menopausal women, Unintended outcomes evaluation approach: a plausible way to evaluate unintended outcomes of social development programmes, Disaster relief in post-earthquake Haiti: unintended consequences of humanitarian volunteerism, Professional expectations about quality assurance: a review-based taxonomy of usability criteria in prevention, health promotion and education, The Boost study: design of a school- and community-based randomised trial to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among teenagers, Reproducing or Reducing Inequity? What is knowledge transfer? A recent systematic review published in Patient Education and Counseling analyzed studies of video-assisted patient education and how effective it is in modifying behavior. In the control group without education, there was a low statistical significance (p<0.05) in terms of changing the level of knowledge and attitudes. Brochures may offer advantages like flexibility of design, but printing them still incurs some costs. The distribution of health-educational posters is recommended in situations where it is necessary to reach a wide audience for a long period of time, if the site of the poster is protected. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015. Unintended effects of health promotion interventions are usually not foreseen, can be difficult to observe, but occur none the less. The first International Conference on Health Promotion was held in Ottawa in 1986, and was primarily a response to growing expectations for a new public health movement around the world. They Can Spend a Lot of Your Time The impact of child marriage is the death of girls aged 15-19 years as a result of pregnancy and childbirth at a young age, and babies born to mothers under 20 years are almost two times more. People with obesity have a higher risk of developing CVD. Once a poster is printed it will be difficult to make corrections or adaptions; it is therefore less flexible when compared to a presentation that can be modified any time. They also name several unintended effects, including obfuscationcreation of confusion and misunderstanding, desensitizationwhen repeated messages about a health risk desensitize the public, and social reproductionwhen existing social distributions of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are reinforced. Subscribe for unlimited access. On bad days, smoking, drinking and comfort eating were reported as being used as a coping response. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (, The insurance role in workplace health promotion: a comparative analysis of the United States and the Philippines, Inequitable access to sport in juvenile justice across the USA: findings from a national survey, Development of the Vamos por Mas! Fast Stats In the United States: CDC's Approach Future research could examine whether leaflets designed commercially were significantly different in terms of readability from locally produced information. Would you like email updates of new search results? Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (2006) explored the future of health Depends on careful marketing analysis 5. It's focused on addressing and preventing the root causes of illness, rather than focusing solely on treatment and cure. It is considered the most effective, most economical and most rational aspect of health care and health culture. schools, hospitals and cities) as dynamic open systems where an intervention does not have a clear foreseeable outcome but can cause a series of effects (Dooris, 2006; Rosas, 2017). More and more children are being diagnosed as obese at a young age where they tend to be extremely self-conscious about their weight and physical appearance. However, traditional health promotion media, such as posters and leaflets, are still used. With this information, a Health Education leaflet is designed to encourage teenage exercise. The Health Promotion Agency is a great organisation that raises awareness amongst the population on nutrition and physical activity, two factors strongly linked to CVD. Aim To describe the PILs in general practice surgeries in Stoke-on-Trent in terms of readability and variety of content. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Focus on the way in which an environment shapes behavior. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Health here is viewed as a resource and health promotion is aimed at increasing the control of people over this resource and improve equity for all. (Eds.) While smoking is a lifestyle choice, we also need to engage with communities to decrease the rates of smoking-related CVD cases in NZ. 8600 Rockville Pike It seems to me that this mindset is often applied to health promotion interventionsthey might not always help (everyone), but they surely will not do any harm, will they? Results: Indeed, it would seem that despite many studies over many years advising that the writing standards of PILs are not appropriate for the population they intend to serve, little appears to have changed.24,28,29 The authors are not aware of any previous study that has looked specifically at the readability and variety of content, the fit for purpose of PILs in general practice waiting rooms. Unlike verbal information, the reading complexity of written material is fixed and therefore must be at a level that can be understood by most of the population. Health Promotion is a fundamental practise in ensuring optimum population health. With regard to exercise, some employees reported that increasing their exercise had a positive effect on coping with work-related stress. Using multiple health promotion strategies is more effective, achieving better and more sustainable population health outcomes. This research was funded by Stoke-on-Trent City Council. This article explores patients' reactions and subsequent . Again, it is worth looking at resources from other fields, where in the context of social development programmes, Jabeen has developed the unintended outcomes evaluation approach (Jabeen, 2018). (1999) documented that oral rehydration solutions, used to treat cholera patients in Guinea-Bissau, were easily contaminated when prepared in the field, allowing the growth of many types of bacteria. The versatility of posters makes them an ideal form of promotion. Health promotion interventions are by definition complex interventions: they should be holistic, multi-strategic and set on several levels (Hawe et al., 2009; Mittelmark, 2014). There must have been cases of health promotion interventions that have backfired because the target group did not want their health promoted; interventions that were too much, tried too hard and ended up either boring the target group or asking too much of them; and interventions that caused physical or psychological harm where individuals ended up needing further treatment instead of having their health promoted. This was a readability study of publicly available materials without use of human participants. and transmitted securely. (, Krlner R., Suldrup Jrgensen T., Aarestrup A. K., Hjllund Christiansen A., Christensen A. M., Due P. (, McIsaac J. D., Read K., Williams P. L., Raine K. D., Veugelers P. J., Kirk S. F. I. They want to save money in every possible way, but they know that investments in the promotion are necessary. Health Promotion Disadvantages. 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